Challenging Democracy: A Year of Ups and Downs in Africa

Thu Feb 19 2026 23:12:41 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

2025 is marking a tumultuous year for democracy across Africa, with elections, coups, and widespread protests shaping the political landscape. While some nations experience shifts towards democracy, others face the reality of military rule and public dissent.

This year in Africa has seen significant political unrest characterized by elections marred by alleged corruption, military coups, and protests demanding government accountability. In Tanzania, violence erupted over a disputed election, while countries like Malawi and Seychelles experienced mixed electoral outcomes. The growing youth demographic, increasingly aware and vocal through social media, complicates the relationship between citizens and governments, suggesting a pivotal moment for democracy on the continent.

October's shocking events in Tanzania offer a snapshot of some of the tensions that have shaped a difficult year for African politics.

Demonstrators were shot dead by police while protesting against what they saw as a rigged election - condemned by regional and continental bodies - shattering the country's reputation for peace and stability.

With opposition candidates either imprisoned or barred from running, President Samia Suluhu Hassan was elected with 98% of the votes. Any moves towards Tanzania becoming a more open democracy had seemingly reversed.

Several countries saw protests and election disputes in 2025, while military leaders cemented their power in others, with analysts believing next year could bring more upheaval.

The spike in the cost of living has sparked dissatisfaction across the continent, and analysts warn that these troubling patterns could reverse decades of democratic progress.

Democracy in Africa is at a crossroads, with the youth population advocating for rights and services, calling for governments to respond to their needs, which could determine the continent's future governance.