In brief
In South Africa's abandoned gold mines, thousands are drawn into illegal mining, known as zama zamas. While some find financial success, the dangers are severe—from rival gangs to fatal accidents. Ndumiso's story highlights the harsh reality faced by many seeking a better life underground, amidst rising government crackdowns.
Ndumiso, along with 600 other miners, lives in an underground "town" at a disused gold mine in South Africa. After being laid off, he joined the illegal mining world as a "zama zama," risking his life for profit. He earns more than he did legally but faces grave dangers, including accidents and gang violence. His earnings help him provide for his family and send his kids to school, yet the life underground is ruthless. The government is cracking down on illegal mining, with a recent stand-off at a mine in Stilfontein involving armed miners. South Africa's mining sector has declined over decades, pushing many into the illegal trade. Research suggests 36,000 zama zamas operate in Gauteng province alone. While Ndumiso finds gold using basic tools, he must pay protection fees and often works in perilous conditions—a reality shared by many others like him. Despite the risks, he chooses illegal mining over criminal acts like car-jacking, driven by the need to support his family in a country struggling with high unemployment rates.
